“Biden’s claims to be a climate leader are increasingly laughable after EXIM’s approval of this refinery. If he can’t be trusted to keep this relatively modest promise, how can anyone trust the United States to live up to its even grander climate promises?" asked Adam McGibbon.

"As we feared and expected, the UAE Presidency of COP28 is putting the interest of the oil and gas industry above those of the climate process it is supposed to shepherd," said Romain Ioualalen.

“Until Biden reins in Big Oil’s deadly expansion that's locking in decades of global fossil fuel pollution, his legacy will remain one of failing to confront reckless U.S. oil and gas production that's killing the planet," said Collin Rees.

This new briefing warns that Eni is on the cusp of greenlighting a new surge of oil and gas extraction. Eni could rank third among companies globally in 2023 in the volume of new oil and gas reserves approved for development.

Eni and Equinor are on track to rank as the world’s third and eighth worst upstream oil and gas expanders, respectively, in 2023.